All is not lost

Looking at the last update in April 2017 you would be forgiven for thinking that things were a bit of a lost cause in the vineyard. On the contrary, the vines made an impressive recovery last year and I managed to get about 7kg of grapes. Not exactly a bumper harvest but a harvest nonetheless, and I pressed and fermented the juice to end up with 2.5l of wine from a combination of the Phoenix and Orion grapes. There weren’t many Solaris grapes when they were ripe so I just pressed them for juice, which was delicious!

I thought it would be fun to try and turn the 2.5l of wine into sparkling wine, so that is what I have just done. I took the wine which was well settled and clear by now, and added a 4% ‘mother culture’ or ‘Liquer de Tirage’ as they call it in that French region famed for its sparkling wine. It is a mixture of wine, yeast and sugar, prepared a couple of days in advance of bottling to ensure the yeast is fully activated.  The yeast is a particular variety that is used for Champagne, which is quite happy fermenting at low (cellar) temperatures to provide the secondary fermentation in the bottle which produces the fizz.

So I have bottled the concoction into 3 champagne bottles, yes 3 whole bottles, capped them, and laid them down in the fridge set to 12°C.  I’ll leave them for a few months now before the next stage of removing the caps along with the yeast sediment before final corking. According to the official rules of Champagne production, they should sit for at least 18 months to fully mature, but no doubt I’ll be too impatient and want to try some before then.

DSC_3660

In the vineyard things are also looking good. We had no late frost this year and the vines are growing like mad in their new ‘Geneva Double Curtain’ format. The bunches are forming well and there are LOADS of them! No doubt there will be some disaster as there always is but at the moment I’m remaining positive for a bumper harvest. The next critical time is late June when they flower, so let’s hope for some good dry days then.

DSC_3658DSC_3656

Riddling and Dosage

Just as I predicted in the last post, I couldn’t wait 18 months (the minimum period required in the Champagne region) to lay down my 3 bottles of sparkling wine, and decided I wanted to open them for Christmas.  So for the last few weeks I have been gradually ‘riddling’ the bottles of now sparkling wine, which is the process during which the bottles are slowly turned upside down, giving them a little twist by hand every day or so to move the yeast sediment into the cap.  I used an old a wine rack to support the bottles :

Tonight I decided to open one of the bottles to work out the ‘dosage’ – the amount of sugar to be added.  This is how commercial sparkling wine is categorised:

Doux: 50 or more grams of sugar added per litre. This will taste outrageously sweet to most Champagne and sparkling wine palates—it’s about 2 teaspoons’ worth—but back in the day, Champagne tended to come a lot sweeter.

Demi-Sec: Dosed with 32 to 50 grams of sugar per litre. Again, higher on the sweet sparkling spectrum than most of us are willing to go.

Sec: “Sec,” in French, means dry.  But dry here actually indicates a medium-sweet sparkling. 17 to 32 grams of sugar, on average a teaspoon per litre.

Extra Sec: Literally “Extra Dry,” which would seem to indicate a lip-smackingly acidic wine but here means a bit less sweet than Sec, thanks to just 12 to 17 grams of sugar.

Brut: Up to 12 grams of sugar added, really for balance.  Slightly rounder than “Extra Brut” because of the increased added sugar, and the type of sparkling or Champagne we tend to drink most.

Extra Brut: With fewer than 6 grams of sugar added, this is going to come off higher-acid and accentuate the carbonation.

Brut Nature: No sugar added (or fewer than 3 grams), not common but a way for the winemaker to showcase the essential nature (hence the name) of the sparkling wine or Champagne.  Higher notes of minerality and acid, basically a party in your mouth, and everyone’s invited.  Except sugar.

I opened one bottle by turning the bottle upright while opening the cap at the same time to expel the yeast (degorging). Click here to see an expert doing this.

I was very pleased that the cap came of with a very satisfying pop, and on sampling decided it tasted great as it was, no need to sweeten at all.  In the interests of science I created samples containing 5, 10 and 15g/l of sugar and had a taste.  Definitely best ‘Brut Nature’ !

So now I have a bottle of bubbly to drink, what a shame!  This leaves 2 bottles from the 2017 harvest which will be enjoyed over Christmas.

This makes me even more excited about the 30 bottles or so that will come out of the 2018 harvest….eventually.

50% Success

Tonight I disgorged the remaining 2 bottles of 2017 bubbly. As the temperature is so low at the moment it’s the perfect time. More carbon dioxide dissolves in liquid the lower the temperature which means less gas will escape during the degorging process and it should not bubble over as much as if it were warmer.

I took each bottle in turn, and simultaneously flipped the bottle the right way up while opening the cap to disgorge the yeast sediment, then quickly pushed in a plastic stopper. You need specialist equipment to force a real champagne cork into a bottle which is why I’m using plastic stoppers.

The first bottle was successful, but on the second one the bottle opener slipped and the cap didn’t come off. I got the cap off on the second attempt but it was too late and a lot of yeast sediment mixed into the bottle. There’s not really much I can do now, I’m sure it will be drinkable, but doesn’t look great. You can see the difference in clarity in the following photos:

I have put wire cages on the stoppers and they are now ready to be drunk. I’m disappointed that one failed, but I guess I’ll get better with practise. I just wish I had more than 2 bottles to improve my skills!